Crane Song

Finding my way Home through Image, Myth, and Nature 

The last gift I received from my very distant parents was a print of a Native American Medicine Wheel by Ojibway artist Joe Geshick. I received this present on my birthday in 1993.

When I opened the cardboard tube I was astonished by the image. A Medicine Wheel? As far as I knew neither of my parents had any idea that I had picked up the thread of my Native heritage and was studying Indigenous mythology. What could have motivated them to send me such an image? I was stunned by the seemingly bizarre synchronicity.

At the time I was also giving an Indian program in the local elementary school called “The Circle Way,” educating children and myself about the mysteries of the medicine wheel.

There was also a Maine Abenaki Indian woman healer named Mollyockett who seemed to be guiding me in this process. Before walking to school I often went to her gravesite to ask for help. One day I was shocked to discover a Great Blue heron sitting on her gravestone. Some days I could feel a presence when I knelt there in the tall grass.

Although, thanks to interlibrary loan, I was also learning about my own Passamquoddy/Malisset heritage I felt like I knew almost nothing about Northern tribes in general; most had been decimated by disease brought to them by the colonists that destroyed Native core values and the way of life for most of these Indigenous peoples. Some pockets of Native beliefs/stories survived in Canada because they had less contact with white people.

I hung up the medicine wheel immediately and began to use it as an image to help me prepare for my classes. The wheel reflected equality on a level that was familiar to me; we were all connected – trees, people, rivers, flowers – I had always felt this idea to be truth, but suddenly I began to speak about what I knew with a voice I didn’t know I had.

 When my father died suddenly about six weeks later the medicine wheel, called “The Circle of Life” became the last gift I ever received from both my parents; it developed a ‘charge’ that resulted in me hanging the wheel in every space I ever inhabited. It is still with me.

And yet, I never researched the artist until I was finishing a thesis on my study of Black Bears (2013) when I decided that this image would become the cover of my manuscript. I learned then that Joe was born in 1943, grew up on a reservation in Northern Minnesota, spent two years in jail for minor infractions and began to paint there. After his release he studied at the Art Student’s league in NY and then taught art in Ontario. On the La Croix Reservation in Ontario he learned something about the fragmented history of his clan, and was introduced to traditional ceremony. In 1977 he began studying with a Lakota Sioux Medicine Elder in Nevada while participating for five years in the annual sacrificial Sundance Ceremony.

 As a result, Joe became rooted in traditional ceremony and his paintings reflected this dramatic spiritual shift.   “The Circle Of life” embodied this change drawing attention to the four sacred directions, the four seasons, the sacred colors, the four races. All were equal; all required respect. Joe often said that he wanted people to relate to his work through personal experience. 

I recognized after doing preliminary research on the artist, that like him, I too had been totally separated from my Native roots and was finding my way back through images, my experiences with animals/plants, creating/celebrating my own ceremony, and by studying Native mythologies. A slow, serpentine, circular lifetime process. But Joe became a model for me, validating that the way that had been chosen for me/chosen by me was an authentic one. 

I felt a deep kinship with this particular wheel with one exception. In the center Joe had placed a thunderbird and after learning about the Ojibwa I didn’t understand why the bear wasn’t in the center of the wheel because the bear was the most venerated healer for his people.

Recently, I returned from the Southwest where I was introduced to the ceremonies of the Pueblo peoples, ceremonies that reflected my own spiritual practice reinforcing its authenticity. This interlude also allowed me to be part of a people who had never lost access to their roots. They had never given up their ceremonies or surrendered their way of life.

I returned to Maine with a much stronger sense of my Indigenous cultural identity than I had when I left. I hadn’t realized until I went to the Southwest how much this identity had been eroded by local people. Living in western Maine had brought me in contact with the frightening bias people have towards Indians; some are openly despised. 

My first reality ‘hit’ occurred after giving an elementary school program a few months after moving to the area, when fifty people from an irate religious group gathered one night at the school and attempted to indict me as a witch. “I was turning their children into trees,” one of my accusers said. Although the program I had given was an astounding success no one intervened on my behalf, including the superintendent of schools or the principal of the school that asked me to give the program in the first place.

 Numerous other negative encounters followed over the years. Two neighbors bought property next to me and moved in. I didn’t understand why they disliked (hated?) me. It took me years to understand the reason – bias. Because I am “different”. 

Just up the road from my home seven years ago some locals put up signs that stated “We don’t trust you, Sara Wright”, in an effort to humiliate and prevent me from walking up a mountain road. 

I was discriminated against by the town of Bethel when I offered to become part of their annual Mollyockett Day – supposedly a celebration of Mollyockett and our local Native Abenaki heritage. In actuality this weekend has nothing to do with Native peoples (One of their most egregious practices is the frog jumping contest when hapless amphibians are forced to hop around steaming concrete for children’s pleasure. No Native person would ever agree to torturing animals in that way). 

Just last spring, two months after my return from New Mexico, a red truck left a dead baby grouse in my driveway. Others leave screaming tire marks. These grim examples reveal that hatred of the ‘other’ and discrimination is a way of life here. Difference is not tolerated.

But to return to my present story… this fall I decided to do something different with my medicine wheel. I carefully cut out a photo of one of my bears sitting in the mother pine and placed the photo in the center of the wheel, replacing the thunderbird. Ah, now the wheel looked just right, and I placed the print above a little mantle in a dark corner of the living room. A solitary candle lights the wheel unless the sun is just right and then the entire space lights up eerily. An abalone shell reflects the blue green waters below.

With the Medicine Wheel in a place of honor I decided to do some more research on the image. I was astonished to learn that the ‘swans’ that encircled the wheel were cranes – Sand hill Cranes, my spirit bird of the east – birds whose haunting cries literally freeze me in wonder – birds that I lived with every winter in NM for four years, birds that I discovered to my great joy are now living/breeding here in western Maine. Cranes not swans. And Joe painted the cranes with their feet becoming roots seeking green earth ground. According to Joe “the two cranes that envelop the circle represent a spiritual relationship with the earth”. Exactly! Oh, it fit.

Then came the next surprise. I read that in the beginning (the creation story) the Ojibwa who were water people were led by the Sand hill cranes who were their leaders. The original holy people were cranes, loons, fish, deer, marten, bear and thunderbird but the thunderbird had to be returned to the sea because his powers were too strong. The Bird people replaced the thunderbird. Today the Crane clan is the most powerful followed by the Bear, as Healer. 

I guessed that it was Joe’s spiritual experience with the Lakota Sioux that led him to place the thunderbird in the center of his medicine wheel paintings because the thunderbird is sacred to the Sioux.

Joe died in 2009 but what follows is what he wrote about his beautiful and deeply moving paintings.

I am motivated to paint by my desire to share this connection with others so that they may discover their own natural and spiritual relationship with the earth. I want people to feel and experience the wholeness and simplicity of life.”

He certainly helped me.

Today, our blue green planet is in crisis and I believe our only real hope comes from embracing the ways of a people we despise or dismiss, a people whose way of life could teach the rest of us how to embrace the values of respect, equality, community, a gift economy and most of all re- attach us to a deep love for this Earth we call home. 

Pink Dolphin

Pink / Amazon river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) in the Negro River, municipality of Novo Airão, Amazonas State, Brazil.

When I heard (NPR) that pink dolphins, those denizens of the fresh waters of the Amazon are going extinct, I remembered their gift to me, grateful that I had been present as a receiver. On the last day of a three – year research journey (early 90’s) I was with my guide returning to a place on the river that I loved. It was absolutely calm; my guide and I were drifting along a  serpentine tributary curtained and dripping with scarlet passionflowers when a circle of pink dolphins surrounded the dugout.

 “I love you,” I repeated the words over and over in a trance-like state glued to the rippling brown water.

Round and round they came surfacing inches away from the side of the boat. Bulbous heads splashing pink and gray.

The Circle of Life was being inscribed in the water. 

When one broke the round to swim away, it was time to say goodbye. I thanked them for their steadfast company during my Amazon journey. 

Each of my many visits had begun with a dolphin encounter. My guides were initially astonished by the way these animals seemed to follow me up and down the river, and by the end of my first stay two of them shook their heads and rolled their eyes while declaring that the dolphins loved me. I believed them. 

Now, many years later I am saying goodbye to an enduring friendship with a species I adored.

Reciprocity is fundamental to relationship but it must be predicated on genuine care/love as well as mutual need. This is another way of saying that our attention and intention comprise the weft and warp that weave us together. My relationship with the dolphins is a perfect example. I longed to see them, to make friends with these remarkable creatures. That longing manifested as my intention and attention. I opened my self to believing that the dolphins would come. The dolphins responded in kind out of awareness and choice.

We are all connected.

Natural History: Pink Dolphin

The Amazon River dolphin, also known as the pink River dolphin or boto, lives only in freshwater. This species is found throughout much of the Amazon and Orinoco river basins in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, and Venezuela. The botos used to be a relatively abundant freshwater cetacean. This animal is the largest and (some say) smartest of the 5 freshwater species. Pink dolphins can grow up to 9 feet in length and weigh 400 lbs. They can live up to thirty years and they have unusually large brains. It is not unusual to see one dolphin, but more often they are seen in small groups, and in areas where there is a confluence of river tributaries it is possible to see many together (one of the unusual aspects of my last experience with the dolphins was that so many gathered in such a small area).

The dolphins’ color can be influenced by their behavior, capillary placement, diet, and exposure to sunlight. Shades range from mostly gray to pink. And when the dolphins get excited, they can flush a brilliant flamingo pink.

The vertebrae in the necks of pink dolphins are not fused; their ability to turn their heads 180 degrees allows them to maneuver around sunken tree trunks, rocks and other obstacles necks in very shallow flooded waters. They can also swim forward with one flipper while paddling backwards with the other, this ability allows them to turn with more precision. They can also swim upside down!

These dolphins seem very attracted to people in general. Their curiosity appears to be a driving force in human dolphin interactions.

 I can’t help wondering who will bring such joy and playfulness to the Amazon when the pink dolphins are gone?

Mary’s Return

Yesterday I learned (NPR) that a third of the oak trees in this country will be dead within 50 years; I also read that our sugary harbingers of spring, the Maples, are dying confirming my own observations. I try to imagine what fall will be like without fire on the mountain.

When I heard that pink dolphins, those denizens of the fresh waters of the Amazon are going extinct, I remembered their gift to me, grateful that I had been present as a receiver. On the last day of a three – year research journey (early 90’s) I was with my guide returning to a place on the river that I loved. It was absolutely calm; my guide and I drifted along a  serpentine tributary curtained and dripping with scarlet passionflowers, when a circle of pink dolphins surrounded the dugout.

 “I love you,” I repeated the words over and over in a trance-like state glued to the rippling brown water.

Round and round they came surfacing inches away from the side of the boat. Flippers splashing shades of pink and gray.

The Circle of Life was being inscribed in the water. 

When one broke the round to swim away, it was time to say goodbye. I thanked them for their steadfast company during my Amazon journey. 

Each of my many visits had begun with a dolphin encounter. My guides were initially astonished by the way these animals seemed to follow me up and down the river, and by the end of my first stay two of them shook their heads and rolled their eyes while declaring that the dolphins loved me. I believed them. 

Now, many years later I am saying goodbye to an enduring friendship with a species I adored…

Around the world, and especially here in the ‘United’ (?) States the virus continues to spike and another strain has been identified, more contagious than the first. Two million people are dead…

So many in this country have chosen individualism, bullying and brutality over caring for others. That or it’s opposite SILENCE. This attitude of entitlement/cruelty/indifference has split our country in two. Surrendering ego opens the door to relationship with others who are different than we are creating genuine community, but creating this bridge cannot happen unless we have the desire to care for and be with one another – regardless of difference. Bullies hide behind bluffing and guns – cowards at heart – they lie, live in fear, and do not compromise. Meeting in the middle in a respectful way seems to be an anathema to many. I confess that I do not know how to wrap my mind around the culture we have created or how to start a genuine conversation with people who despise me for who I am. 

That my grief overflows is reality.

 And yet…Perhaps the waxing winter Snow Moon is pulling me with her tides into a blue -green alignment…. because with all this horrific news and corresponding grief on so many levels, I continue to renew my commitment to the Earth, my home, and to the Circle of Life.  

Living with ‘what is’ involves coming to terms with the loss of non – human species, our own, and learning to live with uncertainty without too much anxiety or fear. I enter this state every day when I breathe deeply into my belly, and focus on a precious moment in time like the one last night…

It is Christmas Eve and I open the door to two masked loved ones that enter my fragrant candlelit living room. We share laughter, words, and stories and my dearest young friend offers me a gift. When I open the box a hand carved Standing Bear looks up at me. “Oh, he’s a male Brown Bear” the child cries out in excitement. Bears are some of her very best friends. The adult is astonished at the depth and skill of the carving; it’s as if the bear has come to life. I light the candle in the center of the wreath as I welcome my new friend into our home…

Later, after the two have gone, I reflect upon my joy.

 “This is the best Christmas ever”, I hear myself say.

 I have been given precious gifts – people to love and be loved by, the Brown Bear as talisman. I am aware that it is my natural leaning and genuine need, as well as my responsibility, to reciprocate.

And I do, by offering my deepest gratitude to my friends, the tender night, and Mary who has joined me in the room. She, who taught me how to be a receiver a long time ago, and then allowed me to move on…

Working notes:

Mary was my first love. I adored this blue robed Madonna with her cloak of moon and stars when I visited her in secret at the monastery on my way home from school.

It wasn’t until I reached adolescence that I feared that She would reject me. After all, she was virgin – pure and I was made of fire. At that point Mary Magdalene entered my life. For a few years I carried the split Mary’s within. With my brother’s suicide I gave up religion.

When I began to deal with my grief, Mary re-entered my life as the Mater Dolorosa. After my children left home I discovered feminism, learned of the Black Madonna, Tara and many other female deities. Once again, Mary faded into the background. As my relationships with my adult children began to disintegrate I turned more and more towards Nature for sustenance. The non-human world seemed to help diffuse pain that just wouldn’t quit. When my youngest son turned his back on me for reasons I cannot explain I became suicidal, while desperately attempting to create a bridge to an adult who now treated me as badly as my mother once did.

I endured and eventually became sick with a debilitating stomach disorder and then emphysema. I learned that toxic relationships can make a person ill.

I tried physical distance; it didn’t help. Eventually the North Country Woman called me home. How would I manage the winters?

One day last spring a boy came into my life, a boy that talked to trees, a young man who was barely 21 years old… We had so much in common we couldn’t stop conversing even as we explored the woods, discussed philosophy, planted new cedars. Unlike my sons he wanted to help. He built bridges over my brook, dug holes I could no longer dig myself, cut down trees that had died, hauled wood. The list continues to be endless as we become more and more entangled in each other’s lives. The word he used to describe our relationship the first day we met was “kinship.” Feeling truth surfacing I looked the word up.  Kinship is born of empathy, connection, similarity… Spiritually, he has become my son, my grandson. Both of us still marvel over how we found each other. And now our relationship has been extended to include his beloved Kim as well as both his parents. A great hole has been filled.

When the two arrived on Christmas Eve for a visit I felt loved, and it was enough. It wasn’t until afterwards while sitting in the dark that Mary appeared as a golden light inside the glow of the single lit candle; she hovered around my body in the dark on a cloud. Her Presence filled the room and all my senses with another kind of joy. As I looked into the wise and gentle face of the Brown Bear, I finally understood that he had opened the door…We are all connected. 

Grace

Grace Turns the Wheel at Winter Solstice

 I am keenly aware of the importance of timing when it comes to the seasonal turning of the wheel. Timing has little to do with actual days during which winter celebrations are supposed to take place – at least for me. Time is fluid and open to whatever surprise Nature might bring to my door. Beyond that, my dreaming life usually directs the process. 

I begin after thanksgiving when I tip the Balsam greens I will weave into wreaths choosing a warm day that “feels right”. This year after tipping my greens they just sat there because we had a very destructive winter storm that hurt many trees, and I didn’t feel like weaving my balsam into “the circle of life” until after the chaos had passed. By this time it was mid December. After I wove the wreaths with prayers for trees, animals, and humans, the sanctity of the Earth, dreams followed along with the writing of this year’s solstice ritual.

 Dreams, experiences thoughts come showing me the way. I am sometimes surprised by my intentions or the need to let go of something. Even after completing the writing, my rituals remain open ended. I never know when Nature/or a dream/or an experience in nature/ a person will intervene with a new idea.

This year, my young friend Marcus joined me for a first celebration. When Marcus came into my life he changed me. As he was leaving that first day, last spring, he used the word kinship to describe what had happened between us. I was frankly stunned by such a flood of feelings that they threatened to drown me. How was it possible to feel this way? I must be projecting… how could it be that I had finally found someone who had been lost to me for a lifetime? I felt it, and couldn’t believe it.

 Time would tell, I reminded myself, grateful to be an elder (aging has its benefits)…and it has. There is something so real and so true between us, something that binds us beneath words; this young man that I love like a beloved son – grandson.

So making the decision to celebrate ‘our’ ritual seemed utterly natural. We lit candles, and placed stone bears in a circle on the table he made for me, a table complete with cedar roots! We spoke our words into a room full of star -like candles, with a warm fire burning in the woodstove. We shared deeply personal feelings so honestly, so effortlessly, just like we always do…

When it was over and we had said goodnight I sat there in the darkened room amongst the flickering candles and open fire giving thanks for a moment in time I could never have imagined happening in my wildest dreams. I couldn’t comprehend this depth of sharing with a young man 50 years younger than me. Filled to the brim, my body/mind/soul/spirit overflowed, a fountain flowering in gratitude.

what would I do without him?

The next night I had a dream about having neglected to include an intention that pertained only to me, so two days later when the time was right, I celebrated once again including my new intention. I lit the candles and arranged a few bears on the table with roots; a merry fire lit up the opposite side of the room and all my animals – my dogs and bird were with me as I spoke aloud words of release and repeated earlier intentions,  while including the last in the whole. For the second time in one week I experienced the deep peace that ritual brings when the door opens to the Great Unknown…Grace cannot be explained; it can only be experienced.

Winter Solstice Wreath: For Love of Balsam

Recently on a mild sunny day I tipped balsam greens for my wreaths. I breathed in the pungent fragrance with an enthusiasm that can only come from absence. For the last four years I have had to drive up to the mountains of New Mexico to find Colorado fir for greens (also a tree we have here in Maine, although unlike balsam it is not native). 

The scent of balsam to my mind is like no other. Science informs us that the Pinenes from this tree are the most powerful of all conifers. These chemicals act as natural bronchodilators and are also the most effective air purifiers. 

I have been tipping greens since I was a small child. I don’t remember when I first thought about how the trees felt about this shearing. What I do remember is what happened when I cut down a small Christmas tree for our house when my youngest child was around three. As I dragged the tree home I felt deep distress, which led me to stop cutting down trees altogether (to this day I keep a Norfolk Island pine as an indoor tree).

 Cutting edge Forest Scientists like Susan Simard (whose thesis was first published in the prestigious and conservative scientific journal Nature in 1997) writes that trees feel something akin to pain when cut which should be a sobering thought for many, especially those who mindlessly strip whole forests. But, to return to my story, long ago the child in me sensed something and murmured a silent apology as I helped gather balsam boughs with my grandmother, so something about how trees feel was perking in me then. These days I tip with a keen awareness of what I am doing. I use sharp shears, make careful cuts, finish with a grateful thank you.

 I construct my two wreaths on the living room floor using every branch that I can. Nothing goes to waste. Some leftover tips I dry to burn on the top of the woodstove; others become a final covering for bulbs and tender perennials. One wreath stays indoors to scent the house until every needle turns gray and the boughs begin to lose their scent – the other stays outdoors lasting all winter. Each year I decorate my wreaths according to whim. This year they will be dressed in lichens!

Balsam is Maine’s only native fir. In Canada, Balsams can be found growing in some areas. In the US these trees can be found throughout parts of New England, northern Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan as well as in some areas in New York and elsewhere. I love it that our forests have so many evergreens – black, red, and white Spruce, Hemlock, and Cedar to name a few.  

Balsam is a small to medium-sized tree. On average, the tree attains a height of 40-60 feet and has a trunk diameter of 12-18 inches at maturity. However, in rare cases, the trees can reach a height of 125 feet. Balsams typically have narrow, pyramidal crowns and a broad base, giving the tree a natural conical shape. This tree is so easy to identify! It is the only one that has flat needles instead of the more dramatic bush-like needles of the other firs. Balsam is not a long – lived tree; very few make it to a hundred years. If they don’t fall to the timber harvest as young trees some will develop heartwood or other kinds of rot as a result of pernicious fungi.

 Balsam firs tend to grow best in the eastern portions of their range, where the temperatures are cool and moisture is abundant. According to some sources, optimum growth occurs when winter temperatures range between 0-10 degrees Fahrenheit and summer temperatures range between 60-65 degrees. If the latter is true our summers are becoming too hot for Balsams, and indeed, I have noticed a new disturbing trend of browning branches on some of my trees but I have to wait another season or two before identifying the cause – it might be an insect. Balsams need plenty of water to thrive and last summer’s drought took a toll on some seedlings that sprouted here in the spring.

 Balsam likes silt loams developed from lake deposits, stony loams derived from glacial till, gravelly sands, and peat bogs, with the last two soil types resulting in slower growth. The trees prefer an acidic soil with a pH close to 7. When found in swamps, Balsam often grows in pure stands. Balsam also grows well in association with spruce, (often where better drained soils exist). I am curious to know if there is a mycorrhizal relationship (symbiotic union between fungus and roots of plants and their neighbors)  between the two; I suspect there is. Some sources suggest that Balsams are shade tolerant – My observations do not support shade tolerance once the tree has passed the seedling stage. Interestingly, the trees can be found from sea level to the summit of Mount Washington (6,300 feet high). 

Balsam fir contains both male and female reproductive tissues on the same tree. After fertilization the cones mature during late August and early September and drop scales, bracts, and seeds, leaving just the central axis of the cones remaining on the tree. This central axis looks like a small spire on the top of a branch and may last a long time.

Unlike some other trees, Balsams begin producing seeds when the trees are around 20 years old, probably because they don’t live that long. They begin to produce regular heavy seed crops at intervals of 2-4 years around the age of 30. The seeds are dispersed by wind during autumn or eaten and defecated by small mammals near the parent tree (80 – 200 feet). Only about half the seeds are viable and then only for one year. Germination can occur on virtually any soil as long as there is adequate moisture, and some protection from the sun.

Spruce budworm is a pest that is responsible for defoliating or killing Balsam firs. This adult moth lays eggs on the needles of trees in July. The following May and June, budworm larvae hatch and feed on the foliage. Repeated years of defoliation from this pest can ultimately lead to the death of the trees.  Symptoms include top-kill of the upper portion of the tree and browning of partially eaten needles. 

 Balsam Woolly Adelgid (BWA) is another pest that attacks the stems, twigs and buds of all true firs and can kill trees in as little as three years. “Gouting” is a symptom of BWA attack that appears as a stunting of the terminal growth and distinct swellings around the buds and branch nodes.  Other symptoms are moderately severe dieback of the needles starting at the crown of these very special trees that provide shelter and food for so many animals and birds.I don’t know anyone else beside myself who tips her own Balsam greens these days, but when I was young many folks did. There is something about the process of returning to the forest to gather boughs that puts the gatherer in a special relationship with the trees and the forest that contains them.

Turning Towards the Morning

( Winter Solstice 2020 )

COAL

My deep longing 

for you is

a hole in my heart.

You barely graced

this land with your presence

last summer

and then

always in Fear.

That I loved you

wasn’t enough

this time

to create

a circle

containing

us both.

I mourned,

and keen still

over that Absence…

The Mother Tree

imagines curved claws

on her trunk.

If you survived

the slaughter

you sleep

in the Peace

that only

the Gentle Beings –

 who inhabit

undisturbed forest

 know.

Or,

alert now,

 breathing slow

 bear compassion

 seeds a frozen lair.

 You are curled into

a mother ball

waiting to give birth.

A wee cub

turns over

in your womb

reminding us

both, that

Life is always

in a state

of Becoming.

If you are alive…

come back to me.

  I am lonely

for your

beautiful Coal

Black Body

shimmering in the son.

Don’t you know

that I am wed

to your kind

 in dreams?

The Mother Tree

awaits your coming.

For Love of Balsam

(small Balsam on my land that is about 10 years old; just now she is burdened with ice crusted snow)

Last week on a mild sunny day I tipped balsam greens for my wreaths. I breathed in the pungent fragrance with an enthusiasm that can only come from absence. For the last four years I have had to drive up to the mountains of New Mexico to find Colorado fir for greens (also a tree we have here in Maine, although unlike balsam it is not native). 

The scent of balsam to my mind is like no other. Science informs us that the Pinenes from this tree are the most powerful of all conifers. These chemicals act as natural bronchodilators and are also the most effective air purifiers. 

I have been tipping greens since I was a small child. I don’t remember when I first thought about how the trees felt about this shearing. What I do remember is what happened when I cut down a small Christmas tree for our house when my youngest child was around three. As I dragged the tree home I felt genuine distress, which eventually led me to stop cutting down trees altogether (to this day I keep a Norfolk Island pine as an indoor tree).

 Cutting edge Forest Scientists like Susan Simard (whose thesis was first published in the prestigious and conservative scientific journal Nature in 1997) writes that trees feel something akin to pain when cut which should be a sobering thought for many, especially those who mindlessly strip whole forests. But, to return to my story, long long ago the child in me sensed something and murmured a silent ‘I’m sorry’ as I helped gather boughs. These days while tipping I do much the same thing using sharp shears, making careful cuts, adding a grateful thank you. I construct my two wreaths on the living room floor using every branch that I can. Those that are left over become a final covering for bulbs and tender perennials. One wreath stays indoors to scent the house until every needle is gray – the other stays outdoors lasting all winter. Each year I decorate my wreaths according to whim. This year they will be dressed in lichens!  

Balsam is Maine’s only native fir. In Canada, Balsams can be found growing in some areas. In the US these trees can be found throughout parts of New England, northern Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan as well as in some areas in New York. I love it that our forests have so many evergreens! Black, red, and white Spruce are also native Maine trees along with Hemlock and Cedar. 

Balsam is a small to medium-sized tree. On average, the tree attains a height of 40-60 feet and has a trunk diameter of 12-18 inches at maturity. However, in rare cases, the trees can reach a height of 125 feet. Balsams typically have narrow, pyramidal crowns and a broad base, giving the tree a natural conical shape. This tree is so easy to identify! It is the only one that has flat needles instead of the more dramatic bush-like needles of the other firs. Balsam is not a long lived tree which is one reason I keep a close eye on the young ones on my property like the one in the picture. They rarely live more than a hundred years. A few have been documented to live longer (200 years) but they have a tendency to develop heartwood rot, or other kinds of rot as a result of pernicious fungi.

 Balsam firs tends to grow best in the eastern portions of their range, where the temperatures are cool and moisture is abundant. According to some sources optimum growth occurs when winter temperatures range between 0-10 degrees Fahrenheit and summer temperatures range between 60-65 degrees. If the latter is true our summers are becoming too hot for Balsams, and indeed, I have noticed a disturbing trend of browning branches on some of my trees but I have to wait to see if I can identify the cause – it might be an insect. Balsams need plenty of water to thrive and last summer’s drought took a toll on some seedlings that live around here.

 Balsam likes silt loams developed from lake deposits, stony loams derived from glacial till, gravelly sands, and peat bogs, with the last two soil types resulting in slower growth. The trees prefer an acidic soil with a pH close to 7. When found in swamps, Balsam often grows in pure stands. Balsam also grows well in association with various spruce, (often where better drained soils exist). I am curious to know if there is a positive mycorrhizal relationship between Balsam and other spruce. Some sources suggest that Balsams are shade tolerant – My observations do not support shade tolerance. Interestingly, the trees can be found from sea level to the summit of Mount Washington (6,300 feet high). 

Balsam fir contains both male and female reproductive tissues on the same tree. After fertilization the cones mature during late August and early September and drop scales, bracts, and seeds, leaving just the central axis of the cones remaining on the tree. This central axis looks like a small spire on the top of a branch and may last a long time.

Unlike some other trees Balsams begin producing seeds when the trees are around 20 years old, probably because they don’t live that long. They begin to produce regular heavy seed crops at intervals of 2-4 years around the age of 30.  The seeds are dispersed by wind during autumn or eaten and defecated by small mammals near the parent tree (80 – 200 feet). Only about half the seeds are viable and then only for one year. Germination can occur on virtually any soil as long as there is adequate moisture, and some protection from the sun. Seedlings need shade to begin their lives.

Spruce budworm is a pest that is responsible for defoliating or killing Balsam firs. This adult moth lays eggs on the needles of trees in July. The following May and June, budworm larvae hatch and feed on the foliage. Repeated years of defoliation from this pest can ultimately lead to the death of the trees.  Symptoms include top-kill of the upper portion of the tree and browning of partially eaten needles. 

 Balsam Woolly Adelgid (BWA) is another pest that attacks the stems, twigs and buds of all true firs and can kill trees in as little as three years. “Gouting” is a symptom of BWA attack that appears as a stunting of the terminal growth and distinct swellings around the buds and branch nodes.  Other symptoms are moderately severe dieback of the needles starting at the crown of these very special trees that provide shelter and food for animals.

I don’t know anyone else beside myself who tips her own Balsam greens these days, but when I was young many folks did. There is something about the process of returning to the forest to gather boughs that puts the gatherer in a special relationship with the trees and the forest that contains them.

Time and Memory: a poem of remembrance

Frozen snow crystals

and freezing temperatures

force Tree boughs

to bend perilously.

Unnaturally. 

Arcing earthward –

the Burden of Ice

 is too heavy to bare.

Sudden cracks

split the air

as limbs are 

torn from

a mother’s

body.

She may never 

recover

from these losses.

 Yet those ripped asunder

  will continue to share

 the Story.

 Amazingly,

Mothers are extremely resourceful.

Most live on.

Some learn strategies

to heal blood wounds.

Others learn to thrive!

But the Tree’s Story

has been written,

 embedded,

in cellular bodies –

  visible on the outside

as a screaming scar.

A withering twig.

A few have black holes

dead center,

  only discernable

to those 

who see.

My Body is a Nation

The Body is a Nation

“The body is a nation I have not known.
The pure joy of air: the moment between leaping
from a cliff into the wall of blue below.”

 Oh, the pure joy of being weightless – I leapt to the stars, flung myself with abandon into the deep until the fire started burning and I was forced to surface for air…

I was a stranger to my body, escaping messy feelings by living through my mind. I dressed her, made her behave – learning that I must have control at any cost. I cultivated a winning smile to cover anguish I could not name. Buried all fear. This last one backfired during infancy. I lived pure terror. I had no Voice. It was years before I realized who stole it.

 Being thin became an obsession. Food the enemy. The eight year old watched. Adoring a mother who stood on the scale who looked down at rising numbers in disgust the child learned. FAT was bad. She starved, a paper doll floating through thin air.

Sex was a nightmare. Full of monster men with giant penises. To this day she feels a horror she still can’t name. To be sexual was a sin (and she wasn’t even catholic) so she learned to forget while she let herself be used. She split even further away from this foreign object that betrayed her. No wonder she chose the color red – Mary Magdalene – her only friend. 

She was born to be a mother but didn’t know how to be one.

When Nature finally claimed her she began to fall to Earth. At first the chasm she fell into seemed too deep.

Grandmother Moon rose over the mountain. Each month she bathed the woman in numinous white light until one day she longed to feel those moonbeams. 

Without body her soul was lost. Discarnate. She mourned.

Ritual led the way.

 She vowed to develop a relationship with the one she had scorned.

It took a lifetime to heal the split, and even now, against her will, some days she still leaves her precious pearls behind.

 Ah, the legacy of self abandonment…

Postscript:

Such a sad story but I think it is a common one for women. Our bodies carry our feelings and if abuse is part of our history, or pain intrudes with regularity for some other reason, then escaping into our minds brings relief. The danger is that this flight into mind and rejection of our bodies may become permanent.

In my case, it was discovering the power of ritual that helped me heal my broken body – mind connection. This process began when I reclaimed my Native roots and discovered the power of the Medicine Wheel to orient me to the seasons and ritual celebrations four times a year.  World mythology introduced me to the Celtic eight spokes of the year and these cross quarter celebrations seemed to fit the others so I added them to the other four. Finally, I included a monthly full moon ritual because it seemed to me that the moon was my real mother, and this mother celebrated her body.

In time these rituals wrote themselves through my experiences with nature, and with humans. Often my intentions became clear through dreams. Because I wrote all my own rituals each remains fluid and open to this day.I credit my monthly full moon ritual that focused on caring about and for my body as the seed that eventually helped me recover my broken body – mind through Beauty, Love, and Acceptance.